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English Vocabulary · Chapter 16 · Antonyms

Antonyms

An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another — "hot"/"cold", "brave"/"cowardly". The same tricks as synonyms apply (roots, charge, elimination), but with one twist worth its own rule: the examiner almost always plants a synonym as a trap among the options. If you rush, you pick the word that means the same instead of the opposite. This chapter teaches the charge-flip, the synonym-trap, and the high-frequency pairs.एक विलोम (antonym) वह शब्द है जो किसी अन्य का विपरीत अर्थ रखता है — "hot"/"cold", "brave"/"cowardly"। synonym जैसी ही तरकीबें लागू (जड़, भाव, elimination), पर एक मोड़ अपने नियम योग्य है: परीक्षक लगभग हमेशा विकल्पों में एक synonym जाल के रूप में रखता है। जल्दबाज़ी में आप विपरीत की जगह समान अर्थ वाला चुन लेते हैं। यह अध्याय भाव-पलटाव, synonym-जाल और बार-बार आने वाले युग्म सिखाता है।
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Topic 01

The Charge-Flip

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First find the charge of the given word — positive, negative or neutral. Its antonym must have the opposite charge. If the word is positive ("affluent" = rich, +), the answer must be negative ("poor", −). This single step often removes two or three options before you even weigh their exact meanings.पहले दिए शब्द का भाव खोजें — धनात्मक, ऋणात्मक या तटस्थ। इसके विलोम का विपरीत भाव होगा। यदि शब्द धनात्मक है ("affluent" = धनी, +), तो उत्तर ऋणात्मक होगा ("poor", −)। यही एक कदम अक्सर सटीक अर्थ तौलने से पहले ही दो-तीन विकल्प हटा देता है।

📝 Self-test — pick the antonym (opposite)स्वयं-परीक्षण — विलोम चुनें 4 MCQs

DENSEDENSE

  1. heavy
  2. sparse
  3. lean
  4. slim
B. Opposite of thick/crowded → "sparse".B. घना/ठसाठस का विपरीत → "sparse"।

AFFLUENTAFFLUENT

  1. poor
  2. high
  3. rare
  4. fluent
A. "Affluent" = rich (+) → opposite "poor" (−).A. "Affluent" = धनी (+) → विपरीत "poor" (−)।

MINIATUREMINIATURE

  1. heavy
  2. least
  3. small
  4. large
D. "Miniature" = very small → opposite "large".D. "Miniature" = बहुत छोटा → विपरीत "large"।

DISTANTDISTANT

  1. far
  2. imminent
  3. close
  4. along
C. Opposite of far → "close" ("far" is a synonym trap).C. दूर का विपरीत → "close" ("far" synonym जाल है)।
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Topic 02

The Synonym-Trap

In an antonym question the examiner usually places a synonym of the given word among the options to catch a hurried reader. Always remind yourself: I need the opposite, not the same. For "candid" (frank), the options "outspoken" and "frank" are synonym traps — the answer is "devious".विलोम प्रश्न में परीक्षक आमतौर पर विकल्पों में दिए शब्द का synonym रखता है ताकि जल्दबाज़ पाठक फँसे। स्वयं को याद दिलाएँ: मुझे विपरीत चाहिए, समान नहीं। "candid" (स्पष्टवादी) के लिए "outspoken" और "frank" synonym जाल हैं — उत्तर "devious" है।

📝 Self-test — pick the antonym (opposite)स्वयं-परीक्षण — विलोम चुनें 4 MCQs

LAMENTLAMENT

  1. rejoice
  2. complain
  3. cry
  4. mourn
A. "Lament" = grieve → opposite "rejoice" ("complain/cry" are synonym traps).A. "Lament" = शोक करना → विपरीत "rejoice" ("complain/cry" synonym जाल)।

CANDIDCANDID

  1. outspoken
  2. honest
  3. devious
  4. frank
C. "Candid" = frank → opposite "devious" (sly).C. "Candid" = स्पष्टवादी → विपरीत "devious" (धूर्त)।

ERUDITEERUDITE

  1. scholarly
  2. learned
  3. educated
  4. unscholarly
D. "Erudite" = learned → opposite "unscholarly".D. "Erudite" = विद्वान → विपरीत "unscholarly"।

TRANSPARENTTRANSPARENT

  1. opaque
  2. clear
  3. crystal
  4. obvious
A. "Transparent" = see-through → opposite "opaque".A. "Transparent" = पारदर्शी → विपरीत "opaque"।
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Topic 03

Prefixes & Roots

Negative prefixes flip a word's meaning: un-, in-, im-, dis-, non- ("fallible" → "infallible/unerring"). Roots help too: culpa = fault → "culpable" (guilty), whose opposite is "blameless". Knowing the root and the negating prefix builds the antonym for you.नकारात्मक उपसर्ग शब्द का अर्थ पलट देते हैं: un-, in-, im-, dis-, non- ("fallible" → "infallible/unerring")। जड़ें भी मदद करती हैं: culpa = दोष → "culpable" (दोषी), जिसका विपरीत "blameless"। जड़ और नकारात्मक उपसर्ग जानकर आप स्वयं विलोम बना लेते हैं।

📝 Self-test — pick the antonym (opposite)स्वयं-परीक्षण — विलोम चुनें 4 MCQs

FALLIBLEFALLIBLE

  1. falsehood
  2. unerring
  3. reliable
  4. trustful
B. "Fallible" = liable to err → opposite "unerring".B. "Fallible" = गलती-प्रवण → विपरीत "unerring"।

CULPABLECULPABLE

  1. blameless
  2. dependable
  3. irresponsible
  4. careless
A. "Culpable" = guilty → opposite "blameless".A. "Culpable" = दोषी → विपरीत "blameless"।

HARMONYHARMONY

  1. cruelty
  2. mischief
  3. annoyance
  4. strife
D. "Harmony" = agreement → opposite "strife" (conflict).D. "Harmony" = सामंजस्य → विपरीत "strife" (कलह)।

INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION

  1. synthesis
  2. unity
  3. fragmentation
  4. linking
C. "Integration" = joining → opposite "fragmentation".C. "Integration" = एकीकरण → विपरीत "fragmentation"।
Topic 04

High-Frequency Pairs

Learn these opposite pairs by heart: ostracise ↔ welcome · parsimonious ↔ extravagant · nadir ↔ zenith · exodus ↔ influx · reluctantly ↔ willingly · animosity ↔ love · capricious ↔ firm · fetter ↔ liberate · parochial ↔ global · impertinent ↔ respectful.इन विलोम युग्मों को कंठस्थ करें: ostracise ↔ welcome · parsimonious ↔ extravagant · nadir ↔ zenith · exodus ↔ influx · reluctantly ↔ willingly · animosity ↔ love · capricious ↔ firm · fetter ↔ liberate · parochial ↔ global · impertinent ↔ respectful

📝 Self-test — pick the antonym (opposite)स्वयं-परीक्षण — विलोम चुनें 4 MCQs

OSTRACISEOSTRACISE

  1. entertain
  2. host
  3. welcome
  4. amuse
C. "Ostracise" = to banish → opposite "welcome".C. "Ostracise" = बहिष्कृत करना → विपरीत "welcome"।

PARSIMONIOUSPARSIMONIOUS

  1. selfless
  2. extravagant
  3. ostentatious
  4. prodigious
B. "Parsimonious" = stingy → opposite "extravagant".B. "Parsimonious" = कंजूस → विपरीत "extravagant"।

NADIRNADIR

  1. progress
  2. zenith
  3. modernity
  4. liberty
B. "Nadir" = lowest point → opposite "zenith" (highest point).B. "Nadir" = निम्नतम बिंदु → विपरीत "zenith" (शिखर)।

EXODUSEXODUS

  1. restoration
  2. return
  3. home-coming
  4. influx
D. "Exodus" = mass departure → opposite "influx" (mass arrival).D. "Exodus" = सामूहिक प्रस्थान → विपरीत "influx" (सामूहिक आगमन)।

Test Yourself · Antonyms

12 questions — choose the word opposite in meaning. Tap an option to check, then read Why.

12 प्रश्न — विपरीत अर्थ वाला शब्द चुनें। जाँचने के लिए विकल्प पर टैप करें, फिर Why पढ़ें।