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English Grammar · Chapter 07 · Preposition

Preposition

A preposition is a small word — in, on, at, by, with, for, since — that shows how a noun or pronoun relates to the rest of the sentence: "the water in the bottle", "fond of his daughter". Small as they are, prepositions are among the most tested items in the exam, because English chooses them by fixed habit, not logic. This chapter groups them the way they are actually tested: by time, by place and movement, and by the confusable pairs.एक संबंधसूचक (preposition) छोटा शब्द है — in, on, at, by, with, for, since — जो दिखाता है कि कोई संज्ञा या सर्वनाम वाक्य के बाकी हिस्से से कैसे संबंधित है: "the water in the bottle", "fond of his daughter"। छोटे होते हुए भी, preposition परीक्षा में सर्वाधिक पूछे जाने वाले हैं, क्योंकि अंग्रेज़ी इन्हें तर्क से नहीं, निश्चित अभ्यास से चुनती है। यह अध्याय इन्हें उसी तरह समूहबद्ध करता है जैसे परीक्षा पूछती है: समय, स्थान व गति, और भ्रामक जोड़ियों से।
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Topic 01

What Prepositions Do & Their Types

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A preposition sits before a noun or pronoun (its object) and shows a relation — of place, time, direction or manner. A pronoun after a preposition must be in the objective case ("angry with him", not "him"→"he"). Types: simple (in, on, at, by), compound (inside, around, above), and phrase prepositions (according to, in front of, because of, in spite of).preposition किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम (उसके कर्म) से पहले आकर संबंध दिखाता है — स्थान, समय, दिशा या रीति का। preposition के बाद सर्वनाम कर्म कारक में होना चाहिए ("angry with him")। प्रकार: सरल (in, on, at, by), यौगिक (inside, around, above), और वाक्यांश preposition (according to, in front of, because of, in spite of)।

📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

"She is angry with ___." Choose the correct word."She is angry with ___." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. his
  2. him
  3. he
  4. he is
✔ B. A pronoun after a preposition is in the objective case → "him".✔ B. preposition के बाद सर्वनाम कर्म कारक में → "him"।

"according to" is an example of a:"according to" किसका उदाहरण है:

  1. simple preposition
  2. adverb
  3. phrase preposition
  4. conjunction
✔ C. A group of words acting as one preposition → phrase preposition.✔ C. एक preposition की तरह काम करता शब्द-समूह → phrase preposition।

A preposition shows:preposition दिखाता है:

  1. an action
  2. a sudden feeling
  3. the number of a noun
  4. the relationship between words
✔ D. It relates a noun/pronoun to another word in the sentence.✔ D. यह संज्ञा/सर्वनाम को वाक्य के अन्य शब्द से जोड़ता है।

In "The book is inside the cupboard", "inside" is a:"The book is inside the cupboard" में "inside" है:

  1. conjunction
  2. compound preposition
  3. phrase preposition
  4. pronoun
✔ B. "inside" is a single compound preposition.✔ B. "inside" एक यौगिक preposition है।
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Topic 02

Time Prepositions

  • at = exact point of time ("at 4 pm"); on = a day/date ("on Monday"); in = a longer period ("in January", "in summer").at = समय का सटीक बिंदु ("at 4 pm"); on = दिन/तारीख ("on Monday"); in = लंबी अवधि ("in January", "in summer")।
  • since = a point in the past (used with present perfect): "ill since Monday"; for = a period: "ill for two weeks".since = भूत का एक बिंदु (present perfect के साथ): "ill since Monday"; for = अवधि: "ill for two weeks"।
  • from shows a start point when the end is also mentioned or an action begins: "from Monday". by = the latest deadline: "finish by 6 o'clock".from आरंभ बिंदु दिखाता है जब अंत भी बताया हो या कार्य शुरू हो: "from Monday"। by = अंतिम समय-सीमा: "finish by 6 o'clock"।
  • in (time) = at the end of a period; within = before the end: "in three days" vs "within three days".in (समय) = अवधि के अंत में; within = अंत से पहले: "in three days" बनाम "within three days"।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

"I have known him ___ our school days." Choose the correct word."I have known him ___ our school days." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. by
  2. since
  3. for
  4. from
✔ B. A point in the past with present perfect → "since".✔ B. present perfect के साथ भूत का बिंदु → "since"।

"He has been ill ___ two weeks." Choose the correct word."He has been ill ___ two weeks." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. for
  2. by
  3. since
  4. from
✔ A. A period of time → "for".✔ A. समय की अवधि → "for"।

"Please finish the report ___ 6 o'clock." (deadline) Choose the word."Please finish the report ___ 6 o'clock." (समय-सीमा) सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. for
  2. in
  3. since
  4. by
✔ D. The latest time an action will be finished → "by".✔ D. कार्य पूरा होने का अंतिम समय → "by"।

"The train leaves ___ 2 o'clock." Choose the word."The train leaves ___ 2 o'clock." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. at
  2. on
  3. in
  4. by
✔ A. An exact clock time → "at".✔ A. घड़ी का सटीक समय → "at"।
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Topic 03

Place & Movement

  • in / at — "in" for large places ("in Paris"); "at" for small/specific points ("at the club").in / at — "in" बड़े स्थानों के लिए ("in Paris"); "at" छोटे/विशेष बिंदुओं के लिए ("at the club")।
  • between / among — "between" for two (or a few named) things; "among" for a group of more than two.between / among — "between" दो (या कुछ नामित) के लिए; "among" दो से अधिक के समूह के लिए।
  • into / onto — show movement to inside / onto a surface: "turned into a prince", "threw it onto the roof".into / onto — भीतर/सतह पर गति: "turned into a prince", "threw it onto the roof"।
  • above / over — "over" when directly above or covering ("sweater over his shirt"); "above" when not directly over.above / over — "over" जब ठीक ऊपर या ढके ("sweater over his shirt"); "above" जब ठीक ऊपर नहीं।
  • across / through — "across" = on a surface ("across the desert"); "through" = inside a 3-D space ("through the forest").across / through — "across" = सतह पर ("across the desert"); "through" = त्रि-आयामी स्थान के भीतर ("through the forest")।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

"Divide the food ___ the thirty children." Choose the word."Divide the food ___ the thirty children." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. among
  2. between
  3. into
  4. within
✔ A. More than two → "among".✔ A. दो से अधिक → "among"।

"Divide this sweet ___ Riya and Raman." Choose the word."Divide this sweet ___ Riya and Raman." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. amongst
  2. into
  3. among
  4. between
✔ D. Two people → "between".✔ D. दो व्यक्ति → "between"।

"When she kissed the frog it turned ___ a prince." Choose the word."When she kissed the frog it turned ___ a prince." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. onto
  2. in
  3. at
  4. into
✔ D. A change of state uses "into".✔ D. अवस्था-परिवर्तन "into" लेता है।

"His brother lives ___ Paris." Choose the word."His brother lives ___ Paris." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. by
  2. on
  3. in
  4. at
✔ C. A large city → "in".✔ C. बड़ा शहर → "in"।
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Topic 04

Confusable Prepositions

  • by / with — "by" for the doer ("killed by the boy"); "with" for the instrument ("killed with a stone").by / with — "by" करने वाले के लिए ("killed by the boy"); "with" उपकरण के लिए ("killed with a stone")।
  • beside / besides — "beside" = by the side of; "besides" = in addition to.beside / besides — "beside" = बगल में; "besides" = इसके अतिरिक्त।
  • despite / in spite of — same meaning; never say "despite of" (say "despite" or "in spite of").despite / in spite of — समान अर्थ; "despite of" कभी नहीं ("despite" या "in spite of")।
  • compare to / with — "to" for likeness; "with" when differences matter.compare to / with — समानता के लिए "to"; अंतर महत्वपूर्ण हो तो "with"।
  • on foot (never "by foot"); before for time (not place — use "in front of" for place).on foot ("by foot" कभी नहीं); समय के लिए before (स्थान के लिए "in front of")।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

"The spider was killed ___ the boy." Choose the word."The spider was killed ___ the boy." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. with
  2. from
  3. by
  4. through
✔ C. The doer of the action → "by".✔ C. कार्य करने वाला → "by"।

"The boy killed the spider ___ a stone." Choose the word."The boy killed the spider ___ a stone." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. from
  2. with
  3. by
  4. of
✔ B. The instrument used → "with".✔ B. प्रयुक्त उपकरण → "with"।

"___ being a good actor, he is also a good singer." Choose the word."___ being a good actor, he is also a good singer." सही शब्द चुनें।

  1. Between
  2. Beside
  3. Besides
  4. Beyond
✔ C. "in addition to" → "Besides".✔ C. "इसके अतिरिक्त" → "Besides"।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. Despite having a headache, I enjoyed the film.
  2. Despite of a headache, I enjoyed the film.
  3. Despite of having a headache, I enjoyed the film.
  4. In spite having a headache, I enjoyed the film.
✔ A. "despite" is never followed by "of".✔ A. "despite" के बाद "of" कभी नहीं आता।

Test Yourself · Preposition

12 questions on prepositions of time, place, movement and confusable pairs. Tap an option to check, then read Why.

समय, स्थान, गति और भ्रामक जोड़ियों के preposition पर 12 प्रश्न। जाँचने के लिए विकल्प पर टैप करें, फिर Why पढ़ें।