Subject–Verb Agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb (is, has, goes); a plural subject takes a plural verb (are, have, go). The classic trap is a phrase beginning with "of": the verb agrees with the word before "of", not the noun inside it. "A bouquet of roses lends colour" — the subject is "bouquet" (singular), not "roses".एकवचन कर्ता एकवचन क्रिया लेता है (is, has, goes); बहुवचन कर्ता बहुवचन (are, have, go)। क्लासिक जाल "of" से शुरू वाक्यांश है: क्रिया "of" से पहले वाले शब्द से मेल खाती है, भीतर की संज्ञा से नहीं। "A bouquet of roses lends colour" — कर्ता "bouquet" (एकवचन) है, "roses" नहीं।

• Two subjects joined by and → plural verb: "Chennai and Kolkata have hot weather." Exception: if they are one person/thing, use singular: "My friend and roommate is…"; "Soup and bread is my breakfast."दो कर्ता and से जुड़े → बहुवचन क्रिया: "Chennai and Kolkata have…" अपवाद: एक ही व्यक्ति/वस्तु हो तो एकवचन: "My friend and roommate is…"।
• Two singular subjects joined by or / either–or / neither–nor → singular verb: "Either the father or the mother has to attend."दो एकवचन कर्ता or / either–or / neither–nor से → एकवचन क्रिया: "Either the father or the mother has to attend."
• In or/nor sentences with a mix, the verb agrees with the nearest subject: "Neither Ram nor his friends are going."or/nor वाक्यों में मिश्रण हो, तो क्रिया निकटतम कर्ता से: "Neither Ram nor his friends are going."
• Subjects preceded by each, every, many a → singular: "Every man and woman is requested to…"each, every, many a से पूर्व कर्ता → एकवचन: "Every man and woman is requested…"

• with, along with, as well as, besides, including, in addition to do not change the verb — it agrees with the main subject before them: "Ram, along with his friends, is going."with, along with, as well as, besides, including, in addition to क्रिया नहीं बदलते — क्रिया इनसे पहले के मुख्य कर्ता से: "Ram, along with his friends, is going."
• Collective nouns (committee, team, board, jury) take a singular verb when acting as one unit: "The committee has agreed." (Plural if members act separately.)समूहवाचक संज्ञा (committee, team, board, jury) एक इकाई के रूप में एकवचन क्रिया लेती हैं: "The committee has agreed." (सदस्य अलग-अलग हों तो बहुवचन।)
• -ics words (physics, mathematics, economics) as a body of knowledge → singular: "Physics is difficult."-ics शब्द (physics, mathematics, economics) ज्ञान-शाखा के रूप में → एकवचन: "Physics is difficult."

• Amounts of time, money or quantity taken as one unit → singular: "3 months is a long time"; "Rs 10 seems too much."समय, धन या मात्रा एक इकाई के रूप में → एकवचन: "3 months is a long time"; "Rs 10 seems too much."
• The number of → singular; a number of → plural: "The number of members is small"; "A number of members were absent."The number of → एकवचन; a number of → बहुवचन: "The number of members is small"; "A number of members were absent."
• one of → singular ("One of the pens is missing"); one of those who → plural ("one of those who favour…"); but only one of … who → singular.one of → एकवचन ("One of the pens is missing"); one of those who → बहुवचन; पर only one of … who → एकवचन।
• each, every, either, neither and every -body / -thing / -one word → always singular: "Each of them has…"; "Everybody has…"each, every, either, neither और हर -body / -thing / -one शब्द → हमेशा एकवचन: "Each of them has…"; "Everybody has…"
• some, all, most, half follow the noun after "of": "Some of the food is…"; "Some of the books are…"some, all, most, half "of" के बाद की संज्ञा के अनुसार: "Some of the food is…"; "Some of the books are…"