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English Grammar · Chapter 05 · Verb

Verb

The verb is the engine of a sentence — it shows an action ("eat", "run") or a state ("is", "seems"). No sentence works without one. Verbs are special because they change form with time (dance / danced / will dance) and carry helpers called modals (can, must, should). The exam tests three things above all: the right form, the right modal, and the right preposition after the verb. This chapter covers each.क्रिया (verb) वाक्य का इंजन है — यह कार्य ("eat", "run") या अवस्था ("is", "seems") दिखाती है। इसके बिना कोई वाक्य नहीं चलता। क्रियाएँ विशेष हैं क्योंकि वे समय के साथ रूप बदलती हैं (dance / danced / will dance) और modal कहलाने वाले सहायक रखती हैं (can, must, should)। परीक्षा सबसे अधिक तीन बातें जाँचती है: सही रूप, सही modal, और क्रिया के बाद सही preposition। यह अध्याय हर एक को बनाता है।
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Topic 01

The Verb & Its Forms

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HANDWRITTEN PDF NOTES
Verb — downloadable PDF
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A verb changes its form to show time. Regular verbs make the past by adding -ed / -d (talk → talked). Irregular verbs change in other ways (eat → ate → eaten; teach → taught). Every verb has forms for present, past and future, and combines with helpers to show person, number and voice.क्रिया समय दिखाने के लिए रूप बदलती है। नियमित क्रियाएँ भूतकाल -ed / -d जोड़कर बनाती हैं (talk → talked)। अनियमित क्रियाएँ अन्य तरह से बदलती हैं (eat → ate → eaten; teach → taught)। हर क्रिया के वर्तमान, भूत और भविष्य रूप होते हैं, और सहायकों के साथ मिलकर पुरुष, वचन और वाच्य दिखाती है।

TypePresentPastPast participle
Regulartalktalkedtalked
Irregulareatateeaten
Irregularspeakspokespoken
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

In "The lady ate the cake", the verb is:"The lady ate the cake" में क्रिया है:

  1. lady
  2. cake
  3. the
  4. ate
✔ D. "ate" shows the action → verb.✔ D. "ate" कार्य दिखाती है → verb।

The past tense of "teach" is:"teach" का भूतकाल है:

  1. taughted
  2. teached
  3. teach
  4. taught
✔ D. "teach" is irregular → "taught".✔ D. "teach" अनियमित है → "taught"।

Which of these is a regular verb?इनमें से नियमित क्रिया कौन-सी है?

  1. eat
  2. speak
  3. talk
  4. see
✔ C. "talk" → "talked" (adds -ed) → regular.✔ C. "talk" → "talked" (-ed जोड़ता है) → नियमित।

"She is dancing" is in the:"She is dancing" किस काल में है:

  1. simple past
  2. simple future
  3. present perfect
  4. present continuous
✔ D. "is + -ing" shows action in progress → present continuous.✔ D. "is + -ing" जारी कार्य → present continuous।
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Topic 02

Transitive, Intransitive & Aspect

  • Transitive verb — needs an object to complete its sense: throw, buy, hit, love. "He throws a stone."सकर्मक क्रिया — अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए कर्म चाहिए: throw, buy, hit, love। "He throws a stone."
  • Intransitive verb — needs no object: go, come, walk, listen. "He walks."अकर्मक क्रिया — कर्म की ज़रूरत नहीं: go, come, walk, listen। "He walks."
  • Progressive (continuous) — action over a stretch of time: is laughing, is eating.अपूर्ण (continuous) — कुछ समय तक चलने वाला कार्य: is laughing, is eating।
  • Perfect — a completed action: has laughed, has eaten.पूर्ण (perfect) — पूरा हो चुका कार्य: has laughed, has eaten।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

In "He walks in the park", the verb "walks" is:"He walks in the park" में "walks" है:

  1. an object
  2. a modal
  3. intransitive
  4. transitive
✔ C. "walks" needs no object → intransitive.✔ C. "walks" को कर्म की ज़रूरत नहीं → अकर्मक।

Which verb is transitive (needs an object)?कौन-सी क्रिया सकर्मक है (कर्म चाहिए)?

  1. go
  2. arrive
  3. sleep
  4. buy
✔ D. You "buy something" — it needs an object → transitive.✔ D. "buy something" — कर्म चाहिए → सकर्मक।

"has eaten" is in the:"has eaten" किस रूप में है:

  1. present perfect
  2. simple past
  3. present continuous
  4. simple present
✔ A. "has + past participle" → present perfect (completed action).✔ A. "has + past participle" → present perfect (पूर्ण कार्य)।

"is sleeping" shows an action that is:"is sleeping" ऐसा कार्य दिखाता है जो:

  1. in progress
  2. completed
  3. habitual
  4. finished long ago
✔ A. The progressive form shows action in progress.✔ A. continuous रूप जारी कार्य दिखाता है।
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Topic 04

Verb + Preposition Usage

  • write to someone — He wrote to me (not "He wrote me").write to someone — He wrote to me ("He wrote me" नहीं)।
  • explain / suggest something to someone — Explain this to them; He suggested this to me (not "explain them this").explain / suggest something to someone — Explain this to them; He suggested this to me।
  • tell takes no preposition — He told me to go (not "told to me").tell preposition नहीं लेता — He told me to go।
  • ask — the person comes first, with no preposition: She asked him a question (not "asked a question to him").ask — व्यक्ति पहले, बिना preposition: She asked him a question।
  • oblige to, invite to / for — "I am obliged to you"; "invited me to dinner / for a drink".oblige to, invite to / for — "I am obliged to you"; "invited me to dinner / for a drink"।
📝 Self-testस्वयं-परीक्षण 4 MCQs

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. He wrote at me last week.
  2. He wrote to me last week.
  3. He wrote me last week.
  4. He wrote for me last week.
✔ B. "write to someone" → "wrote to me".✔ B. "write to someone" → "wrote to me"।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. I shall explain to them this.
  2. I shall explain this to them.
  3. I shall explain them this.
  4. I shall explain this them.
✔ B. "explain something to someone" → "explain this to them".✔ B. "explain something to someone" → "explain this to them"।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. He told to me to go.
  2. He said me to go.
  3. He told me to go.
  4. He told to go me.
✔ C. "tell" takes no preposition → "told me".✔ C. "tell" preposition नहीं लेता → "told me"।

Choose the correct sentence:सही वाक्य चुनें:

  1. She did not ask to him any question.
  2. She did not ask any question for him.
  3. She did not ask him any question.
  4. She did not ask any question to him.
✔ C. With "ask", the person comes first, no preposition.✔ C. "ask" के साथ व्यक्ति पहले, बिना preposition।

Test Yourself · Verb

12 questions on verb forms, transitivity, modals and verb + preposition. Tap an option to check, then read Why.

क्रिया रूप, सकर्मकता, modal और verb + preposition पर 12 प्रश्न। जाँचने के लिए विकल्प पर टैप करें, फिर Why पढ़ें।